One of the wild's most magnificent carnivores may also be one of the most democratic when it comes to breeding. A new study shows female lions DON'T establish a hierarchy in which dominant cats breed more than subservient ones. They also take a cooperative approach to raising their cubs. The study was led by Craig Packer, a University of Minnesota Researcher who has spent more than twenty years observing lions in Tanzania's Ngorongoro Crater and Seregetti National Park. He says female lions' approach to breeding is a stark contrast to other social animals and insects: